Scientists have long known that genetics play a role in Alzheimer’s disease risk. Some genetic markers appear to increase the likelihood of developing the condition, while others seem to offer a degree of protection against cognitive decline and brain aging.

One of the most important genes researchers study is called APOE. Everyone inherits two copies, but the specific version you carry may influence how resilient your brain is over time. In particular, one version called APOE4 is strongly linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease, while another, APOE2, is associated with lower risk and even exceptional longevity.

Now, new research may help explain why (and why some may be more resilient to aging than others).

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