The gold standard for studying movement within neurological networks involves injecting tracer substances into cerebrospinal fluid, the liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. But due to the extra volume introduced to the brain system, extra fluid can disrupt normal brain processes and often produces only a broad picture of fluid flow rather than highlighting pathways that could be linked to neurological disease.

“These injected tracers disturb the very system we’re attempting to measure,” said Yang. “We wanted to find a better way.”

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