New research from Baycrest, the University of Toronto, and York University  monitored nearly 250 older adults and collected their speech through picture description tasks. Over 700 speech features were extracted during the study, including pauses like “um” and “uh,” speech rate, vocabulary complexity,  coherence, and structure. The study found that people who have more pauses  have lower executive function (EF), which could lead to a risk of dementia. 

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